來自哈勃的星際穿梭者 3 I/ATLAS
Interstellar Interloper 3I/ATLAS from Hubble

發表日期:2025-08-09
3 I/ATLAS 於 7 月 1 日在智利里奧烏爾塔多由美國國家航空航天局(NASA)資助的ATLAS(小行星撞擊地球最後警報系統)巡天望遠鏡中被發現,它是第三個穿過太陽系的已知星際天體。這是繼 2017 年的 1 I/ʻOumuamua 和 2019 年的 2 I/Borisov 彗星之後的又一顆彗星。 3 I/ATLAS 也被稱為 C/ 2025 N 1 ,是一顆彗星。在哈勃太空望遠鏡於 7 月 21 日拍攝的這張清晰影像中,可以看到水滴狀的塵埃雲,這是從其冰核中噴射出來的,並在不斷增加的陽光照射下變得溫暖。在哈勃跟蹤這顆有史以來速度最快的彗星飛向內太陽系的過程中,背景恆星在曝光中呈現條紋狀。對哈勃影像的分析表明,隱藏在直視下的固體彗核直徑可能不到 5 . 6 公里。這顆彗星的星際起源可以從它的軌道上看出來,它被確定為一個偏心的、高度雙曲線軌道,不會繞著太陽返回,並將把 3 I/ATLAS 送回星際空間。 3 I/ATLAS 不會對地球構成威脅,這顆星際彗星目前處於木星與太陽的軌道距離之內,而它與太陽的最近距離將使它處於火星的軌道距離之內。
原文:Discovered on July 1 with the NASA-funded ATLAS (Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System) survey telescope in Rio Hurtado, Chile, 3I/ATLAS is so designated as the third known interstellar object to pass through our Solar System. It follows 1I/ʻOumuamua in 2017 and the comet 2I/Borisov in 2019. Also known as C/2025 N1, 3I/ATLAS is a comet. A teardrop-shaped cloud of dust, ejected from its icy nucleus warmed by increasing sunlight, is seen in this sharp image from the Hubble Space Telescope captured on July 21. Background stars are streaked in the exposure as Hubble tracked the fastest comet ever recorded on its journey toward the inner solar system. An analysis of the Hubble image indicates the solid nucleus, hidden from direct view, is likely less that 5.6 kilometers in diameter. This comet's interstellar origin is clear from its orbit, determined to be an eccentric, highly hyperbolic orbit that does not loop back around the Sun and will return 3I/ATLAS to interstellar space. Not a threat to planet Earth, the inbound interstellar interloper is now within the Jupiter's orbital distance of the Sun, while its closest approach to the Sun will bring it just inside the orbital distance of Mars.
※ 本文由萌芽機器人自動轉貼自每日一天文圖(Astronomy Picture of the Day,APOD),原文為英文,正體中文是透過 DeepL 翻譯及 OpenCC 進行自動處理,內容僅供參考,若有任何錯誤之處還請見諒!
關於每日一天文圖:每日一天文圖網站是美國國家航空暨太空總署與密西根理工大學提供的服務,網站每天提供一張影像或圖片,並由天文學家撰寫扼要說明其特別之處。